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- A hypercube (or tesseract) is the four dimensional "solid" analagous to the
- cube. Just as you can construct a cube by lifting a square out of its
- plane in a direction perpendicular to the plane, so you can construct a
- hypercube by lifting a cube out of its "hyperplane" (which is our normal,
- three dimensional world) in a fourth direction perpendicular to the
- hyperplane.
-
- The result is hard to visualize, as our minds have evolved to perceive and
- understand a three dimensional world. But, just as a camera or an artist
- can project three dimensional objects into a flat picture as a sort of
- shadow, so one can project a four dimensional object into our three
- dimensional world by simply ignoring the fourth dimension. (An
- "orthographic" projection.) The resulting three dimensional object can
- then be drawn using conventional perspective techniques, leaving one with a
- mass of lines purportedly representing a very strange and unfamiliar three
- dimensional object. The projection can be made much clearer by
- simultaneously drawing two such perspective drawings side by side in the
- manner of an old fashioned stereopticon. This is exactly what HYPERTUMBLE
- does, except that the stereo pair is rotated in the first and fourth
- dimension (not the first and third) so that your normal perception of depth
- also includes some of the fourth dimension.
-
- If you sit back from the monitor and relax your eyes (as if looking into
- the distance) the two drawings will seem to diverge, and you will
- momentarily see four separate images. Focus on the middle two, and they
- will merge into a single, three dimensional object. This will feel very
- strange at first, but (no matter what your mother says!) won't hurt your
- eyes and will become quite easy with practice.
-
- Initially, you will see a cube absolutely head on, so that it will appear
- as a square. The program will select one of six planes and begin rotating
- the hypercube. Periodically it will select a new plane and increase or
- decrease the component of the hypercubes rotation in that plane. Rotations
- involving the fourth dimension may produce radical distortions, while
- merely spatial rotations will appear more familiar.
-
- A somewhat simpler version of HYPERCUBE is described in great detail in A.
- K. Dewdney's Computer Recreation solumn in the April 1986 issue of
- Scientific American. This implementation is done in assembly language
- using scaled integers as fixed decimal place numbers: TUMBLE16 uses two
- byte integers for four fractional digits while TUMBLE32, somewhat more
- conservatively, uses four byte integers and seven fractional digits.
- Although either has more than enough accuracy for the screen's resolution,
- cumulative rounding error will cause the drawings to shrink and skew and
- eventually disappear; press R to reset the hypercube to its original
- rotation and "canonical" orientation.
-
- --- JDS, 4/17/86